Heat the oil in a large saucepan. Add the onion, cover and cook gently for about 10 minutes or until beginning to brown, stirring frequently.
Add the next 5 ingredients (garlic through hot peppers) ad cook, stirring, for 1 minute.
Stir in the water, stock, lentils, barley, tomatoes, and salt and pepper to taste. Bring to a boil, cover and simmer about 45 minutes or until the lentils and barley are tender.
Serve sprinkled with parsley or coriander.