Functional foods are foods and food components that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Functional foods do more than just provide nutrients – they may play a role in reducing your risk of disease or in improving your health. These foods include health-promoting ingredients or natural components found in conventional, fortified, enriched or enhanced foods.
As we learn about them, it becomes apparent that it's impossible to duplicate Mother Nature's unique combination of vitamins, minerals and other components found in whole food - especially since many of their health promoting components are still being discovered.
Here are just some examples of functional foods and why they may be beneficial:
Avocados contain oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat that may help to lower cholesterol. Avocados are also a good source of potassium, a mineral that helps regulate blood pressure and guard against heart disease.
Beans may help lower cholesterol, combat heart disease, stabilize blood sugar, reduce obesity and cancer risk, and relieve hypertension. Beans are a good source of insoluble fiber, which promotes digestive health and relieves constipation. Beans also provide soluble fiber, which can help reduce fat levels in the blood.
Milk provides calcium, vitamin D, protein and other essential vitamins and minerals, including potassium, phosphorus, vitamins A and B12, riboflavin and niacin that work together to build strong bones and help prevent osteoporosis. Milk also contains - Components in milk, such as sphingomyelin, bioactive peptides, whey and lactoferrin are being studied for their cancer-fighting and immune-boosting properties.
Oats are naturally low in fat and the soluble fiber from oat products, when added to a low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol diet, may help reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering LDL cholesterol.
Spinach is rich in a number of essential nutrients, including folate, magnesium, vitamins C and A, and lutein. Each of these nutrients plays a crucial role in our health, from preventing neural tube defects, to fighting free radicals and nourishing good eyesight.
Strawberries are naturally high in fiber, vitamin C, folate, potassium and antioxidants -- anti-disease and anti-aging nutrients that work by destroying "free radicals" -- making them a food that promotes heart health, reduces the risk of certain types of cancer and gives a boost to total body wellness.
Tuna is a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, which can help lower the risk of heart disease. In fact, the American Heart Association recommends eating fish at least two times a week because of its heart healthy benefits.
Walnuts have many potential health benefits. They may enhance mental function, lower total and LDL cholesterol and reduce risk of heart disease. Walnuts exert a number of positive effects on arteries, including decreasing inflammation and reducing levels of substances that promote clogged arteries. The American Heart Association recommends eating walnuts for heart health.
Yogurt is created by adding special bacteria, called “cultures,” to milk. Some of these bacteria are called "healthy bacteria" or "probiotics". Probiotics may also help strengthen the immune system, and prevent some cancers and high blood pressure.
There are many potential health benefits of consuming functional foods –- only some of which are listed above. Nutritional research has shown that eating functional foods on a regular basis, as part of a balanced and varied diet, can enhance health and reduce the risk of many acute and chronic diseases.
Functional foods can be found in your grocery store and you may even have some of them in your refrigerator and pantry already! Our functional foods list contains more examples of functional foods, as well as their health benefits and active components.